How to Develop Language Learning Strategies in Becoming a Multilingual

Abstract

Multilingualism has become increasingly important in a globalized world where communication across languages and cultures is essential. However, many learners still face challenges in developing effective language skills despite exposure to foreign languages through formal education and digital media. This study aims to identify the language learning strategies used by multilingual learners and examine the role of motivation in multilingual development. The study focuses on strategies applied in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, along with motivational factors that support language acquisition. A mixed-methods descriptive approach was employed involving 20 respondents consisting of Grade 12B students and multilingual teachers at Nizamia High School. Data were collected through a Google Forms questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results showed that the most frequently used strategies were listening-based activities, including songs, movies, podcasts, audiobooks, repetition, and comprehension monitoring. Reading strategies, such as skimming and scanning, were also commonly applied by learners. The primary motivational factors identified included educational goals, personal interests, career development, and travel purposes. This study concludes that a combination of effective language learning strategies and strong motivation is a key factor in developing multilingual competence. Learners who actively engage with authentic language exposure, monitor their comprehension, and practice consistently are more likely to achieve higher levels of multilingual proficiency. Therefore, providing explicit instruction on language learning strategies and strengthening learner motivation are essential for supporting students in developing sustainable multilingual skills in an increasingly interconnected world.